Tuesday, March 26, 2019

COLLECTION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS

早稲田大學敎授 深澤裕次郎著
應用英文解釋法
東京英文週報社發行

(p. 18-21)

範例
The tall tower stood out boldly against clear evening sky.

解説
Against
  = In optical contact with
  = In contrast with
  = Having as background
  と接觸するが如く見えて
  と對照して
  を背景として
  をうしろに
  の上に

例へば水平線上碧空を背景として艦影を望むが如く多くは背景との色彩の相違に依り其物の明に際立ちて見ゆるに云ふ。
從て   Clearly         明に
     Distinctly      明に
     Brightly          鮮に
     Boldly            際立ちて
     In relief         くつきりと
     In bold relief    くつきりと際立ちて
     In strong relief  くつきりと際立ちて
等の Adverb 及 Adverbial Phrase を伴ふ事多し。  
例へば
                         |clearly     |
                         |distinctly   |
                         |brightly    |
The tall tower stood out |boldly     |against the clear evening sky.
                         |in relief    |
                         |in bold relief |
                         |in strong relief|
猶ほ against の代りに on を用ふる事あり。又 against の次に the background of (の背景)の來る事あり。

用例
1.  It shone out with dazzling brightness against the murky, starless sky.
    W. Collins
    其火焔は暗い星の無い空を背景としてぎらぎらと輝いた。
2.  He never cared to look at the town standing out in relief against the sky.
    Jules Verne
    彼は空を背景にくつきりと現はれてゐる都會を眺めようとはしなかつた。
    in relief くつきりと。
3.  Nothing could be seen from the windows but an immense white sheet, against which the steam of the engine looked gray.
    Jules Verne
  窓からは眼も及ばぬ程の一面の白い雪景色の外は何にも見えなかつた、其雪と對照して汽鑵の蒸汽が鼠色に見えて居た。
4.  At this moment a lamp was lit at the end of the street, and a fir-branch hanging from an iron bar stood out on the white twilight sky.
    V. Hugo
    此時街のはづれに一個の燈が點ぜられた、而て鐵の棒から下つて居る樅の枝が白い黄昏の空を背景に現はれてゐた。
5.  Her graceful figure stood out distinctly and finely against the clear sky; but I looked at her with a feeling of hostility.
    Turgenev
    彼女の優美な姿は晴れた空を背景にはつきりと美しく現はれた。併し私は憎いと云ふ感じを以て彼の女を眺めた。
6.  The shepherd's dog barked fiercely when one of these alien-looking men appeared on the upland, dark against the early winter sunset.
    G. Eliot
    此等の胡散らしき人の一人が早き冬の夕陽をうしろに丘の上に黒く姿を現はした時に羊飼の犬は烈しく吠えた。
7.  Standing out distinctly against the darkness of the velvet was a mass of wavering nebulous light, that gradually defined itself as a blue star.
    J. E. Muddock
    打ち震ふ星雲の如き一團の光が天鵞絨の黒い上にはつきりと現はれ次第に靑い星となつた。
  defined itself はっきりして來た。
8.  The boy held the tiller, while against the red glare of the furnace I could see old Smith, stripped to the waist, and shovelling coals for dear life.
    C. Doyle
    少年は梶を握つて居り、それから火爐の赤い火をうしろに腰の邊まで服を脱ぎ一生懸命石炭を*(一字漢字が読み取れず)いて居るスミス老人が見えた。
  for dear life 一所懸命に
9.  There was no doubt about it; before me were the thick lips, fat cheeks and squat nose standing out with startling clearness against that flaming background.
    H. R. Haggard
    それに就ては一點の疑も無かつた、即ち我々の前面に*(一字漢字が読み取れず)つて厚き唇、肥えたる頬、平たき鼻は彼の燃ゆるが如き朝日を背景に驚く計りはつきりと現はれてゐた。
10. In the east the dark mass of Val de Grace stood out against the bright steel blue horizon, and glittering Venus rose behind the dome and looked like a soul escaping from a gloomy edifice.
    V. Hugo
  東方を見るとヴル・ド・グラースの黒き山影が晴れやかな鋼鐵の如き青い地平線を背景に現はれ煌々たる金星は圓蓋の背後より昇り宛ら其陰鬱なる建物より逃れ出でたる靈魂の如く見えた。
11. Where can the singer be? Look up! look up! The skylark is the singer -- there he is so high up in the air, that he seems to us no more than a dark spot against the white clouds.
    L. R. IV.
  歌ふ者は何處に居るので有らう? 仰ぎ見よ、仰ぎ見よ、歌ふ者は雲雀で有る、雲雀は白い雲の上の一點としか見えないほども空高く飛んで居る。
12. He was standing out against the sunset sky on a little eminence, or ridge of ground, which ran through the swamp, evidently a favourite path for game, and there was something very beautiful about him.
    H. R. Haggard
    沼地の中に在る小丘或は土地の*(漢字一字読み取れず)(これは獸が好んで通る道らしい)の上に彼は落日の空をうしろに姿を現はして居たが、其姿には非常に優美な趣があつた。

英語読解のヒント(145)

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