早稲田大學敎授 深澤裕次郎著
應用英文解釋法
東京英文週報社發行
(p. 166-170)
範例
(a) I could not but smile at the idea.
(b) I could not do otherwise than smile at the idea.
私はそれを聞いて笑ふ（より）外、出來なかつた。
(c) I could not help smiling at the idea.
私はそれを聞いて笑はずには居られなかつた。
解説
| Who can but |
(a) | No one can but | +Infinitive.
|One cannot but |
(b) One cannot do otherwise than |
(c) One cannot help + Gerund.
(a)(b)(c) 同意義にして (a) の Cannot, dare not, who can, no one can 等の次には be anything 又は do anything を省略せり。
but の次の Infinitive は上の例に於けるが如く "to" を略するを常とす。而てこの Infinitive は Noun Infinitive にして "but (=except)" の Object なり。猶ほ假に省略を補ひ、同意義の形を列擧すれば次の如し。
(1) Who could but (to) smile at the idea?
(2) No one could (do anything) but (to) smile at the idea.
(3) I could not (do anything) but (to) smile at the idea.
(4) I could not do otherwise than (to) smile at the idea.
(5) I could not help smiling.
(6) I could not avoid smiling.
(7) I could not forbear smiling.
(8) I could not keep from smiling.
(9) I could not desist from smiling.
(10) I could not refrain from smiling.
(11) I could not abstain from smiling.
(12) I could not hold back from smiling.
(13) I could not keep back from smiling.
Etc. etc.
用例
1. She could not but tremble at these preparations.
N. Hawthorne
女はこれ等の準備を見て震えざるを得なかった。
2. The live crimson rushed madly over John's face. Mrs. Jessop saw it; she could not but see.
Mrs. Craik
ジヨンの顔はさつと眞赤になつた。ヂェソツプ夫人はそれを見た。見ざるを得なかつたのである。
3. The way was so well known to her that she could not but wonder that she had failed before.
A. Trollope
道は夫人によく分つて居たのだから、どうして前に間違つたか不思議に思はざるを得なかつた。
4. I could not but conclude that this promenade was chosen with an eye to secrecy; for the spot was open only to seaside.
R. L. Stevenson
斯んな所を撰んで散歩するのは人目を忍ぶ爲で有つたと斷ぜざるを得なかつた、と云ふのは、この場所は海の方へのみ開いて居たからである。
with an eye to secrecy 「人目を忍ぶ積りで」。with an eye (a view) to は「……するつもりで」なり。
5. I could not but think what a beautiful young man he must have been before he had learned to accept things as they are.
C. Doyle
事物を有りの儘に見るやうになる前には彼はさぞ立派な青年で有つたらうと思はざるを得なかつた。
6. He could not but feel puzzled by so strange a state of affairs, which could put his "Dearest" in one house and himself in another.
Mrs. Burnett
彼は自分の「おつかさん」を一方の家に置き、自分を他方の家に置くと云ふ不思議な状態を見て變だなと感ぜざるを得なかつた。
"Dearest (mother)" 母親のこと、其子が常に "Dearest （最愛の母）" と呼び居るが故也。
7. When we look back to the events of our last war, we cannot but admire the devotion, the bravery, and the energy of those men who conducted it to so glorious a close.
三二＊＊（二字不明）
吾人は最近の戦爭中に起つた事件を回顧する時は之をして斯の如き光榮有る終結を告げしめた人々の熱心、勇武、元氣を嘆美せずには居られない。
8. I was taking a walk in this place last night between the hours of nine and ten, and could not but fancy it one of the most proper scenes in the world for a ghost to appear in.
四三 東北農大
私は昨夜九時と十時の間に此處で散歩をして居たが、幽靈が出るには最も適當な場所の一つと思はざるを得なかつた。
9. For the moment, I was hurt; then I could not but respect the honest pride which thus intimated that he knew his own position, and wished neither to igonore nor to alter it; all advances between us must evidently come from my side.
Mrs. Craik
私は一時は不快に感じたけれども、ヂヨンは自分の地位を知つて居て、其地位を無視する事も變へる事も欲しない事を斯うして現はしたその正直な誇を尊敬せざるを得なかつた。故に二人の間の事は總て私の方から進んでせねばならなかつたのである。
10. He was, as I have said, a huge man enormous shoulders; and as he stood there, with his face flushed with rage and his sword advanced, I could not but think that, in spite of all his villainies, he had a proper figure for a grenadier.
C. Doyle
前にも云つた通り彼は肩幅の大きい魁偉なる男であつた。而て憤怒の爲に滿面朱を濺ぎ、刀を突き出して立つて居た時は悪人ながらも歩兵として立派な姿勢を持て居ると思はざるを得なかつた。
In spite of all his villanies あのやうに姦悪なるに拘らず。
11. It was evident that she could not do otherwise than leave her fortune to these young people, because they no longer required it.
V. Hugo
彼女は此等の若い人達に財産を遺すより外ない事が明かであつた、と云ふのは、彼等は早やそれを要せないからである。
12. Finding it so directly on the threshold of our narrative, which is now about to issue from that inauspicious portal, we could hardly do otherwise that pluck one of its flowers, and present it to the readers.
N. Hawthorne
其薔薇今その不吉なる監獄の門から出で來ようとする物語の首途（かどで）にあるので、吾人は其花の一つを摘んで、之を讀者に呈せざるを得ない。
Finding it it は監獄の門側に生へて居た薔薇（rose-bush）を指す。
13. From this moment he avoided him as much as he could, and when duty imperiously compelled him, and he could not do otherwise than appear before the Mayor, he addressed him with profound respect.
V. Hugo
この時から彼は出來る丈け市長を避けた。それから職務上どうでも市長の前に出ねばならなかつた時には、深き敬意を表して彼に話しかけた。
when duty imperiously compelled him 職務がどうでも彼を餘儀なくした時には。
14. I cannot help forming some opinion of a man's character from his dress.
四一 仙臺高工
私は服装に依つて人の人物を幾分判断せずには居られない。
15. A born poet can no more help being a poet than an eagle can help soaring.
三二 一高
生れながらにして詩人なる人がどうしても詩人にならずに居られないのは丁度鷲がどうしても飛ばずには居られないのと同じである。
a born poet...... soaring は A born poet cannot help being a poet just as an eagle cannot help soaring と解す可し。
16. "Have you any idea who did it?" "I couldn't help having an idea after what I've seen," he said.
「誰がやつたと云ふお心當りが有りますか」「あれを見てはどうしても心當りがつかずには居られない」と彼は云つた。
after what I've seen あれを見ては have an idea 見當がつく。
17. What makes the matter worse is, that we cannot help spoiling air ourselves by the very act of breathing.
N. N. R. IV
其上困る事は呼吸そのものに依つて我々自ら空氣を不潔にせずには居られない事である。
What makes the matter worse 「其事を更に惡しくするものは……」にて「其上に」「おまけに」「糅てゝ加へて」などの意。the very act of breathing 「呼吸と云ふその事」にて breathing itself （呼吸そのもの）と云ふに同じ。
18. I could not help smiling at their vanity, particularly that of my wife, from whom I expected more discretion.
O. Goldsmith
私は彼等の虚榮心、特に妻の虚榮心を見て笑はずには居られなかつた。これ、妻には彼等よりも分別が有ると思つて居たからである。
that は vanity。from whom I expected more discretion 「もつと考が有るだろうと思つて居たに全で子供のやうだ」の意。
